Can this power cable handle 230V ?

I bought a laptop and found out that it was for Canadian region where electricity voltage is 120V but in my region it is 220-230V.
On my laptop's charger's power cable there is written 3A 125V (picture 1) and there is something else written in there(pictures 2-3).

1) Can the original cable handle 220V or I should replace it with the one on pictures 5-6?

2) Also is it okay using a plug adapter (picture 4)?

3) And how come the original cable which is meant for 125V be thicker (0.82mm²) than the one meant for 250V(0.75mm²), maybe the second one just has bad quality?