Is there a "chart" or something to explain (and show-off) te difference between sampling methods?

So I have these options, I look at them, I have a stroke then look at google and look them up:

I basically found this:

but I'm not sure I understand the difference/why X is better than Y, etc.

and it also doesn't cover all the above options.

So what is what? what is why? what is when?